Gas giants could have a layer of strange 'dark-hydrogen'

For the 1st  time, scientists have successfully forced hydrogen into a condition that exists between metal and gas - a form recognized as 'dark hydrogen' - that they say could occur of course on gas giants like Jupiter.
If this is true, having the ability to learn dark hydrogen in the lab might offer a better insight into how gas giants expel heat and make magnetic fields.

"This dark hydrogen layer was unforeseen and inconsistent with what modelling study had led us to believe about the modify from hydrogen gas to metallic hydrogen within of celestial objects," said team member Alexander Goncharov, from the Carnegie organization of Science in Washington, DC. "This observation would give details how heat can simply escape from gas giant planets like Saturn."
Although hydrogen is the majority abundant element in the Universe, we still have a group to learn about it. Scientists already be acquainted with that there are two forms of hydrogen - the molecular hydrogen we're used to here on Earth, and metallic hydrogen within the core of giant planets, which has been squeezed until it become liquid metal capable of conducting power with no resistance.
Now they've shaped a third form of hydrogen in the lab, anywhere between the two.
Since the new dark hydrogen exists anywhere between a metal and a gas, the researchers think it could actually be seated between the molecular hydrogen on the surface of Jupiter (and planets like it) & the metallic hydrogen of the core- beneath.
That's because this middle hydrogen phase doesn't reflect or transmit noticeable light, but can transmit infrared emission (or heat). It can also transmit electricity, albeit extremely poorly, which could explain how a magnetic meadow can be generated around the planet.
This is quite important since, right now, we just don't know all that a great deal about how hydrogen reacts to extreme hotness and pressure. To find out, the team simulated circumstances to match up to 1.5 million times atmospheric pressure and up to 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,538 degrees Celsius).As Michael Franco reports for Gizmag, the squad recreated these situation by using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell to put the hydrogen under extreme pressure. The device uses two diamond tips to exert force way beyond what we experience on Earth, creation it more like the pressures found on Jupiter.
Earlier this year, researchers at the University of Edinburgh in the UK manage to produce a metallic form of hydrogen by put it under 3.25 million times the pressure of Earth's atmosphere, another step ahead in gaining insight into how the huge planets of the Solar System work.
As well as being the majority abundant element in the Universe (accounting for three-quarters of its overall mass), it's as well the simplest, with a single electron in each atom. Under tall pressure, hydrogen molecules start to separate into single atoms, with the atoms' electrons showing signs of behaving like those of a metal.
These new findings come just a month after researchers operational with the Very Large Array in New Mexico detect hydrogen in a galaxy some 5 billion light-years left.